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CPU voltages
VCCIN
Generated by the motherboard
Used by the IVR to produces other votlages on the CPU like VCCSA and CPU VDDQ
1.8V by spec
Doesn't really affect anything at ambient.
VCCSA
Internal to the CPU and created by the IVR from VCCIN
Powers the CPU's system agent
Raising it can help stabilize higher IMC clocks
I wouldn't recommend going over 1.45V for long term use.
1.35V is usually more than enough for everything.
CPU VDDQ / VDDQTX
Internal to the CPU and created by the IVR from VCCIN
Powers the CPU's memory controller. Has nothing to do with the RAM sticks.
Raising it can help stabilize higher IMC clocks
I wouldn't recommend going over 1.45V for long term use. (I might be overly cautious about this)
1.35V is usually more than enough for everything.
DDR4 Specific Voltages
VDDR / memory voltage
Generated by the motherboard
Powers the RAM and CPU's IMC's PHYs
Raising it can help stabilize higher memory clocks/lower memory timings
1.2V by spec
I wouldn't recommend going over 1.6V for long term use.
Too much VDDR can cause stability issues by making the RAM too hot especially when above 1.45V
VTTDDR
Generated from VDDR by the motherboard
Used to terminate signals for the memory
Lowering it can help stabilize overclocks on some memory ICs
VDDR÷2 by spec
VPP
Generated by the motherboard
Powers the wordline of the memory chips
Doesn't tend to affect overclocking in any way
2.5V by spec
Must ALWAYS be higher than VDDR
DDR5 Specific Voltages
RAM VDDQ
Generated by memory stick's PMIC
Powers the IO of the memory chips ("RAM talks to CPU using this voltage")
Affects memory clocks and timings
More is generally better
1.1V by spec
I wouldn't go over 1.6V for long term use. Should be kept within 100mv of RAM VDD
DDR5 is temperature sensitive and runs hotter than DDR4
RAM VDD
Generated by memory stick's PMIC
Powers the rest of the memory chip
Affects memory clocks and timings
More is generally better
1.1V by spec
I wouldn't go over 1.6V for long term use. Should be kept within 100mv of RAM VDDQ
DDR5 is temperature sensitive and runs hotter than DDR4
VDD2
Generated by motherboard
Powers the CPU's IMC's PHY when using DDR5 ("CPU talks to RAM using this voltage")
Affects memory clocks and timings
Has motherboard specific sweet spots that can be rather low on some boards
1.1V by spec
I wouldn't recommend going over 1.6V for long term use.
On many boards less than 1.45V works best.
VPP
Generated by memory stick's PMIC
Powers the wordline of the memory chips
Doesn't tend to affect overclocking in any way
1.8V by spec
Must ALWAYS be higher than VDDQ/VDD
Note:
These voltage descriptions are based on my understanding of the DDR4/5 and intel CPU documentation available to me and my expiriences with overclocking DDR4 and DDR5 on 12th gen CPUs. There might be mistakes.
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